CHRONO IntCal20 Database

Connected to intcal20 database

IntCal20 Data Sets

A summary of the datasets used for IntCal20 is given below with references to the original datasets. These are catalogued by the institute where the ¹⁴C measurements were made in some cases and in others by the first author on the publications. Dataset number is a historical construct and makes no reflection on the date of publication. Some of the submitters are listed as lab codes which can be found on the Radiocarbon website at www.radiocarbon.org. The bracketed number [] at the start of each reference refers to the reference number in the Supplementary table S2 in the IntCal20 publication.

Set :1,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/Alaska KI tree/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 57.9000 -152.6000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Picea/sitchensis/]

[1]Stuiver, M, and Braziunas, TF. 1993. Sun, ocean, climate and atmospheric 14CO2: an evaluation of causal and spectral relationships. Holocene 3: 289-305.
[2]Stuiver, M, Reimer, PJ, Braziunas, TF. 1998. High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40:1127-1151.

Set :1,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/A tree/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.8000 -124.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/Douglas fir B/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 46.8000 -121.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/C tree/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.8000 -124.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/DW tree/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 46.1000 -122.3000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Abies/ procera/]

Set :1,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/fir (F tree)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 43.2000 -123.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:7

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/fir (F10)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 43.2000 -123.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:8

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/Sequoia (RC)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 36.7000 -118.9000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Sequoiadedron/giganteum/]

Set :1,Division:9

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/Sequoia (SR)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 36.5000 -118.5000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Sequoiadedron/giganteum/]

Set :1,Division:10

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/S tree/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.7000 -123.7000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:11

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/R (2)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.0000 -122.0000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii/]

Set :1,Division:12

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/oak (PQ tree)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :1,Division:13

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/oak 5600 series D/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :1,Division:14

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/oak/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :1,Division:15

[/author/comment/]=[/QL/pine/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :2,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/UB/BrabsPR/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[3]McCormac FG, Bayliss A, Baillie MGL, Brown DM. 2004. Radiocarbon calibration in the Anglo-Saxon period: AD 495-725. Radiocarbon 46(3):1123-5.

Set :2,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/UB/Irish Oaks98/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[4]McCormac, FG, Hogg, AG, Higham, TFG, Lynch-Stieglitz, J, Broecker, WS, Baillie, MGL, Palmer, J, Xiong, L, Pilcher, JR, Brown, D, Hoper, ST, 1998. Temporal variation in the interhemispheric C-14 offset. Geophysical Research Letters 25, 1321-1324.
[6]Hogg, A. G., McCormac, F. G., Higham, T. F. G., Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., and Palmer, J. G. (2002). High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950. Radiocarbon 44: 633-640.

Set :2,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/UB/Pearson86-bidecadal/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[5]Pearson, G. W., Pilcher, J. R., Baillie, M. G. L., Corbett, D. M., and Qua, F. (1986). High-Precision C-14 Measurement of Irish Oaks to Show the Natural C-14 Variations from AD 1840 to 5210 BC Radiocarbon 28: 911-934.

Set :2,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/UB/Pearson86-decadal/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :2,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/UB/German Oaks/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :2,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/UB/AngloSaxon/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[6]Hogg, A. G., McCormac, F. G., Higham, T. F. G., Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., and Palmer, J. G. (2002). High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950. Radiocarbon 44: 633-640.

Set :3,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/WK/Wk Irish Oak/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :3,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/WK/hogg_2009_oak/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[7]Hogg, A., Palmer, J., Boswijk, G., Reimer, P., and Brown, D. (2009). Investigating the interhemispheric C-14 offset in the 1st millennium AD and assessment of laboratory bias and calibration errors. Radiocarbon 51, 1177-1186.

Set :4,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/GRN/DEJONG/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.4000 10.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[8]de Jong, A. F. M., Becker, B., and Mook, W. G. (1986). High-precision calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, 3930-3230 cal BC. Radiocarbon 28: 939-941.
[9]de Jong, AFM, Becker, B, Mook, WG, 1989. Corrected calibration of the radiocarbon time scale. Radiocarbon 31:201-210.

Set :4,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/GrM/BOF041/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 52.0747 4.7596 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[10]Kuitems, M, Plicht, Jvd, Jansma, E, Wood from the Netherlands around the time of the Santorini eruption dated by dndrochronology and Radiocarbon. Radiocarbon this issue.

Set :5,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/HD/Late Glacial/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[11]Kaiser, K. F., M. Friedrich, C. Miramont, B. Kromer, M. Sgier, M. Schaub, I. Boeren, S. Remmele, S. Talamo, F. Guibal and O. Sivan (2012). 'Challenging process to make the Lateglacial tree-ring chronologies from Europe absolute-an inventory.' Quaternary Science Reviews 36: 78-90.

Set :5,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/HD/Roppenheim52/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.8400 8.0500 ]
[ /genus/species]=[///]

[12]Kromer, B., and Spurk, M. (1998). Revision and tentative extension of the tree-ring based C-14 calibration, 9200-11,855 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40: 1117-1125.
[15]Hua, Q., Barbetti, M., Fink, D., Kaiser, K. F., Friedrich, M., Kromer, B., Levchenko, V. A., Zoppi, U., Smith, A. M., and Bertuch, F. (2009). Atmospheric 14C variations derived from tree rings during the early Younger Dryas. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 2982-2990.

Set :5,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/HD/1k-2kBC/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[13]Kromer, B., Manning,S.W., Kuniholm, P.I., Newton, M.W., Spurk, M. & Levin, I. 2001. Regional 14CO2 offsets in the troposphere: magnitude, mechanisms, and consequences. Science 294: 2529-2532.
[14]Kromer, B., S. W. Manning, M. Friedrich, S. Talamo and N. Trano (2010). 14C Calibration in the 2nd and 1st Millennia BC Eastern Mediterranean Radiocarbon Comparison Project (EMRCP). Radiocarbon 52(3): 875-886.

Set :5,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/HD/6k-12kBC/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[///]

Set :6,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/PTA/Pretoria Tree/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[16]Vogel, J. C., and van der Plicht, J. (1993). Calibration Curve for Short-Lived Samples, 1900-3900 BC. Radiocarbon 35: 87-91.

Set :7,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/CAMS/Belfast Irish Oak processed to cellulose/]
[ lat lon ]= [ ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[22]Friedrich, R, Kromer, B, Wacker, L, Olsen, J, Remmele, S, Lindauer, S, Land, A, Pearson, C. A new annual 14C dataset for calibrating the Thera eruption. Radiocarbon this issue

Set :8,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/UCIAMS/1963-043/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.3808 -118.1625 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

[17]Taylor, R.E. and Southon, J., (2013). Reviewing the Mid-First Millennium BC 14C 'warp' using 14C/bristlecone pine data. NIMB Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 294, pp.440-443

Set :8,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/UCIAMS/Breitenthal 198/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.2221 10.2910 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[18]Hogg, A., Southon, J., Turney, C., Palmer, J., Ramsey, C.B., Fenwick, P., Boswijk, G., Buentgen, U., Friedrich, M., and Helle, G., 2016. Decadally resolved lateglacial radiocarbon evidence from New Zealand kauri: Radiocarbon, v. 58, p. 709

Set :8,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/UCIAMS/CLS19b/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 38.2700 -120.2800 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Sequoiadendron/giganteum/]

[19]Park, J., Southon, J., Fahrni, S., Creasman, P., & Mewaldt, R. (2017). Relationship between solar activity and D14C peaks in AD 775, AD 994, and 660 BC. Radiocarbon, 59(4), 1147-1156. doi:10.1017/RDC.2017.59

Set :8,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/Fahrni/Baunach 33/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 50.0000 10.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/robur L./ petraea M./]

[20]Simon M. Fahrni, John Southon, Benjamin T. Fuller, Junghun Park, Michael Friedrich, Raimund Muscheler, Lukas Wacker, R. E. Taylor;Single-year German oak and Californian bristlecone pine 14C data at the beginning of the Hallstatt plateau from 856 BC to 626 BC; Radiocarbon

Set :8,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/Fahrni/Oberhaid 15/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.9000 10.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/robur L./ petraea M./]

Set :8,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/Fahrni/Trieb 70a/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 50.1000 11.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/robur L./ petraea M./]

Set :59,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/Galimberti/scl14/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.0600 -1.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[21]Galimberti, M, Bronk Ramsey, C, and Manning, S W, 2004 Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences, Radiocarbon, 46, 917-24

Set :60,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/MAMS/Knet40-MAMS/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.9988 10.5657 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp/]

[22]Friedrich, R, Kromer, B, Wacker, L, Olsen, J, Remmele, S, Lindauer, S, Land, A, Pearson, C. A new annual 14C dataset for calibrating the Thera eruption. Radiocarbon this issue

Set :60,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/MAMS/MAMS Cott418/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.7600 14.4100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[23]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, B�entgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal HA, Wacker, L 2019a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon.

Set :60,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/MAMS/MAMS Brei232/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.2300 10.2900 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :60,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/MAMS/Finnish Pine/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 68.5000 20.0000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[24]Friedrich, R, Kromer, B, Sirocko, F, Esper, J, Lindauer, S, Nievergelt, D, Heussner, K, Westphal, T. Annual 14C tree-ring data around 400AD: mid and high-latitude records. Radiocarbon: in press

Set :60,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/MAMS/German oak/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.4085 14.6911 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[24]Friedrich, R, Kromer, B, Sirocko, F, Esper, J, Lindauer, S, Nievergelt, D, Heussner, K, Westphal, T. Annual 14C tree-ring data around 400AD: mid and high-latitude records. Radiocarbon: in press

Set :60,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/MAMS/Steinbach 91/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.9943 10.6424 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[25]Usoskin, I. G., B. Kromer, F. Ludlow, J. Beer, M. Friedrich, G. A. Kovaltsov, S. K. Solanki and L. Wacker (2013). 'The AD775 cosmic event revisited: the Sun is to blame.' Astronomy & Astrophysics 552(L3): 1-4.

Set :61,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/AIX/Barb12/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 44.3555 5.8295 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[26]Capano, M, Miramont, C, Guibal, F, Kromer, B, Tuna, T, Fagault, Y, Bard, E, 2018. Wood 14C Dating with AixMICADAS: Methods and Application to Tree-Ring Sequences from the Younger Dryas Event in the Southern French Alps. Radiocarbon 60, 51-74.
[27]Capano M, Miramont C, Shindo, L, Guibal F, Marschal, C, Kromer B, Tuna T, Bard E. Onset of the Younger Dryas recorded with 14C at annual resolution in French subfossil trees. Radiocarbon, 2020.

Set :61,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/AIX/Barb13/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 44.3555 5.8295 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[27]Capano M, Miramont C, Shindo, L, Guibal F, Marschal, C, Kromer B, Tuna T, Bard E. Onset of the Younger Dryas recorded with 14C at annual resolution in French subfossil trees. Radiocarbon, 2020.

Set :61,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/AIX/Barb14/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 44.3555 5.8295 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[27]Capano M, Miramont C, Shindo, L, Guibal F, Marschal, C, Kromer B, Tuna T, Bard E. Onset of the Younger Dryas recorded with 14C at annual resolution in French subfossil trees. Radiocarbon, 2020.

Set :61,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/AIX/Barb17/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 44.3555 5.8295 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :61,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/AIX/Barb30/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 44.3555 5.8295 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[27]Capano M, Miramont C, Shindo, L, Guibal F, Marschal, C, Kromer B, Tuna T, Bard E. Onset of the Younger Dryas recorded with 14C at annual resolution in French subfossil trees. Radiocarbon, 2020.

Set :62,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Schackenborg/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 54.9428 8.8095 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[28]Fogtmann-Schulz, A, Kudsk, SGK, Trant, PLK, Baittinger, C, Karoff, C, Olsen, J, Knudsen, MF, 2019. Variations in Solar Activity Across the Sp�rer Minimum Based on Radiocarbon in Danish Oak. Geophysical Research Letters 46, 8617-8623.

Set :62,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Gram Bro (x112)/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 55.2954 9.0570 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :62,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Mojbol/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 55.2979 9.1744 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[29]Fogtmann-Schulz, A, �stb�, SM, Nielsen, SGB, Olsen, J, Karoff, C, Knudsen, MF, 2017. Cosmic ray event in 994 C.E. recorded in radiocarbon from Danish oak. Geophysical Research Letters 44, 8621-8628.

Set :62,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Ravninge Enge/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 55.6712 9.3463 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[30]S. Kudsk, B. Philippsen, C. Baittinger, A. Fogtmann-Schulz, M. Knudsen, C. Karoff, J. Olsen, 'New single-year radiocarbon measurements based on Danish oak covering the periods AD 692-790 and 966-1057 AD', (in press), Radiocarbon

Set :62,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Grabrodre Kloster/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 56.4601 10.0382 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :62,Division:7

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Ostergaard/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 55.1761 9.1716 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :62,Division:8

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Haderslev Fjord/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 55.2850 9.6582 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :62,Division:9

[/author/comment/]=[/AAR/Knet40-AAR/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.9988 10.5657 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[22]Friedrich, R, Kromer, B, Wacker, L, Olsen, J, Remmele, S, Lindauer, S, Land, A, Pearson, C. A new annual 14C dataset for calibrating the Thera eruption. Radiocarbon this issue

Set :63,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Karlsruhe/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.0850 8.3679 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[31]Manning, S. W. and B. Kromer (2012). 'Considerations of the Scale of Radiocarbon Offsets in the East Mediterranean, and Considering a Case for the Latest (Most Recent) Likely Date for the Santorini Eruption.' Radiocarbon 54(3-4): 449-474.

Set :63,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Central Sweden/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 60.5300 14.2200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :63,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/N Ireland/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 54.3000 -6.0800 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :63,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Thailand/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 17.0000 101.0000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/merkusii/]

Set :63,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Catacik/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 40.2400 31.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/nigra/]

Set :63,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Bcharre/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.1500 36.0000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Cedrus/libani/]

Set :63,Division:7

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Stavros/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.0100 32.3700 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/brutia/]

Set :63,Division:8

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Aalen/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.8382 10.0936 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :63,Division:9

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Creglingen/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.4715 10.0300 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :63,Division:10

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Biberach/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.0951 9.7902 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :63,Division:11

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/Regensburg/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.0183 12.0973 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :63,Division:12

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/AA TZM3/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 30.2547 35.4597 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Juniperus/phoenicea/]

[32]Manning, S.W., Griggs, C., Lorentzen, B., Bronk Ramsey, C., Chivall, D., Jull, A.J.T., Lange, T.E. 2018. Fluctuating Radiocarbon Offsets Observed in the Southern Levant and Implications for Archaeological Chronology Debates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115:6141-6146.

Set :63,Division:13

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/AA TZM4/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 30.2547 35.4597 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Juniperus/phoenicea/]

Set :63,Division:14

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/AA TZM15/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 30.2547 35.4597 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Juniperus/phoenicea/]

Set :63,Division:15

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/OxA TZM3/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 30.2547 35.4597 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Juniperus/phoenicea/]

Set :63,Division:16

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/OxA TZM4/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 30.2547 35.4597 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Juniperus/phoenicea/]

Set :63,Division:17

[/author/comment/]=[/ManningKromer/OxA TZM15/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 30.2547 35.4597 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Juniperus/phoenicea/]

Set :64,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/VERA/GDM-40/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 46.9000 10.7000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/cembra L/]

[33]Dellinger, F, Kutschera, W, Nicolussi, K, Schie?ling, P, Steier, P, and Wild, E M, 2004 A 14C calibration with AMS from 3500 to 3000 BC, derived from a new high-elevation stone-pine tree-ring chronology, Radiocarbon, 46, 969-83
[34]Steier, P, Dellinger, F, Kutschera, W, Priller, A, Rom, W, and Wild, E M, 2004 Pushing the precision limit of 14C AMS, Radiocarbon, 46, 5-17

Set :64,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/VERA/EBA-46/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.0000 11.0000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/cembra L/]

Set :64,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/VERA/SSM-102/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.0000 11.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/cembra L/]

Set :64,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/VERA/EBA-47/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.0000 11.0000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/cembra L/]

Set :64,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/VERA/SSM-84/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.0000 11.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/cembra L/]

Set :64,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/VERA/KRO-2/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 46.9000 11.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/cembra L/]

Set :65,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/HRHH-C261/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.4150 132.7222 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Chamaecyparis/obtusa/]

[35]Ozaki, H, Imamura, M, Matsuzaki, H, Mitsutani, T, 2007. Radiocarbon in 9th to 5th century BC tree-ring samples from the Ouban 1 archaeological site, Hiroshima, Japan. Radiocarbon 49, 473-479.

Set :65,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/PLD HKN-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.7500 137.9167 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Cyptmeria/japonica/]

[36]The origin of the farming in the Yayoi Period and East Asia: Establishment of High-Precision Chronology by carbon 14 age analysis. National Museum of Japanese History Edited by Toyohiro Nishimoto, 524p, 2009. (in Japanese, final progress report of JSPS Grant-in-Aids (16GS0118))

Set :65,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/GrA HKN-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.7500 137.9167 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Cyptmeria/japonica/]

[37]Sakamoto, M, Imamura, M, van der Plicht, J, Mitsutani, T, Sahara, M, 2003. Radiocarbon calibration for Japanese wood samples. Radiocarbon 45, 81-89.

Set :65,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/NNMSM-TR1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.3375 137.9494 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Chamaecyparis/obtusa/]

[38]Okuno, M, Hakozaki, M, Miyake, F, Kimura, K, Masuda, K, Sakamoto, M, Hong, W, Yatsuzuka, S, Nakamura, T, 2018. Chronological significance of �?C spike and precise age determination of the B-Tm Tephra, China/ North Korea, 23rd International Radiocarbon Conference, Trondheim, Norway.

Set :65,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/NNMT-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.7500 137.9167 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Chamaecyparis/obtusa/]

Set :65,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/PLD KTUBH-C/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.8894 135.8077 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Sciadopitys/verticillata/]

Set :65,Division:7

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/IAAA KTUBH-C/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.8894 135.8077 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Sciadopitys/verticillata/]

Set :65,Division:8

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/PLD KTUBH-B/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.8894 135.8077 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Chamaecyparis/obtusa/]

Set :65,Division:9

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/IAAA KTUBH-B/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.8894 135.8077 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Chamaecyparis/obtusa/]

Set :65,Division:10

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/HGHEK-2/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.8898 134.6580 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Zelkova/serrata/]

[39]Sakamoto, M, Hakozaki, M, Nakao, N, Nakatsuka, T, 2017. Fine structure and reproducibility of radiocarbon ages of middle to early modern Japanese tree rings. Radiocarbon 59, 1907-1917.

Set :65,Division:11

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/YNKSU-2/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.6608 138.8106 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Tsuga/sieboldii/]

[39]Sakamoto, M, Hakozaki, M, Nakao, N, Nakatsuka, T, 2017. Fine structure and reproducibility of radiocarbon ages of middle to early modern Japanese tree rings. Radiocarbon 59, 1907-1917.

Set :65,Division:12

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/Beta MEISJ-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.4579 136.7234 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Cryptomeria/japonica/]

Set :65,Division:13

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/IAAA MEISJ-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.4579 136.7234 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Cryptomeria/japonica/]

Set :65,Division:14

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/YU MEISJ-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 34.4579 136.7234 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Cryptomeria/japonica/]

Set :65,Division:15

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/STSAB-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.9084 139.5900 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Chamaecyparis/obtusa/]

[39]Sakamoto, M, Hakozaki, M, Nakao, N, Nakatsuka, T, 2017. Fine structure and reproducibility of radiocarbon ages of middle to early modern Japanese tree rings. Radiocarbon 59, 1907-1917.

Set :65,Division:16

[/author/comment/]=[/Sakamoto/MGTYJ-1/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 38.5100 141.4634 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Zelkova/serrata/]

[39]Sakamoto, M, Hakozaki, M, Nakao, N, Nakatsuka, T, 2017. Fine structure and reproducibility of radiocarbon ages of middle to early modern Japanese tree rings. Radiocarbon 59, 1907-1917.

Set :66,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/Debrecen/CMC-3F/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 36.5667 -118.7667 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Sequoiadendron/giganteum/]

[40]Jull, AT, Panyushkina, I, Miyake, F, Masuda, K, Nakamura, T, Mitsutani, T, Lange, TE, Cruz, RJ, Baisan, C, Janovics, R, 2018. More Rapid 14 C Excursions in the Tree-Ring Record: A Record of Different Kind of Solar Activity at About 800 BC? Radiocarbon 60, 1237-1248.

Set :67,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/Miyake/1971#059-STE/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.3794 -118.1654 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/ longaeva/]

[41]Miyake F., Jull A.J.T., Panyushkina I.P., Wacker L., Salzer M., Baisan C., Lange T., Cruz R., Masuda K., Nakamura T. 2017. Large 14C excursion in 5480 BC indicates an abnormal sun in the mid-Holocene. PNAS Physical Sciences - Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences 114 (3), doi:10.1073/pnas.161314411

Set :68,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/SHP-33/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.5240 -118.2057 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

[42]Pearson, C.L., Brewer, P.W., Brown, D., Heaton, T.J., Hodgins, G.W., Jull, A.T., Lange, T. and Salzer, M.W., (2018). Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption. Science advances, 4(8), p.eaar8241.
[43]Pearson, CL, Wacker, L, Bayliss, A, Brown, DM, Salzer, M, Brewer, PW, Bollhalder, S, Boswijk, G, Hodgins, GWL, Annual variation in atmospheric 14C between 1700 BC and 1480 BC: Radiocarbon: this issue

Set :68,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/SHP-849/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.5330 -118.2002 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

Set :68,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/SHP-851/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.5327 -118.1997 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

Set :68,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/Q5654/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.3000 -6.9000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :68,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/Q6427/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.3000 -6.9000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :68,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/Q5653/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.3000 -6.9000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

Set :68,Division:7

[/author/comment/]=[/Jull/BCP/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.5327 -118.1997 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

[44]Jull A.J.T., Panyushkina I.P., Lange T.E., Kukarskih V.V., Clark K.J., Myglan V.S., Salzer M., Burr G.S., Leavitt S.L. Excursions in the 14C record at AD 774-775 from tree rings from Russia and America.2014. Geophysical Research Letters 41 (8): 3004-3010. 10.1002/2014GL059874

Set :68,Division:8

[/author/comment/]=[/Jull/Yamal/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 67.5236 70.6675 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Larix/sibirica Ldb/]

Set :68,Division:9

[/author/comment/]=[/Jull/1971#059-AA/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.3794 -118.1654 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

Set :68,Division:10

[/author/comment/]=[/Pearson/Knet40-AA/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 49.9988 10.5657 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[22]Friedrich, R, Kromer, B, Wacker, L, Olsen, J, Remmele, S, Lindauer, S, Land, A, Pearson, C. A new annual 14C dataset for calibrating the Thera eruption. Radiocarbon this issue

Set :68,Division:13

[/author/comment/]=[/Miyake/1977-201C/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.3794 -118.1654 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

[45]Miyake F., Masuda K., Nakamura T., Kimura K., Hakozaki M., Jull A.T., Lange T., Cruz R., Panyushkina I.P., Baisan C., Salzer M. 2017. Search for annual 14C excursions in the past. Radiocarbon 59 (2): 315-320. DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2016.54

Set :68,Division:14

[/author/comment/]=[/Miyake/1972-052/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.3794 -118.1654 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

Set :68,Division:15

[/author/comment/]=[/Miyake/SHP 846 2002/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.3794 -118.1654 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

Set :68,Division:16

[/author/comment/]=[/Miyake/BCL01/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 37.7772 -118.4461 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/longaeva/]

Set :69,Division:1

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/ZH-644415/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.4000 8.6000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:2

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/ZH-600797/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.4000 8.6000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:3

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/HFD-C01/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.6000 -0.5000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:4

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/COD-C38/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.1000 -1.4000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:5

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/DRN-D11/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.3000 -1.5000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:6

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/ALT-B05/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.4000 -1.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:7

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/BLS-B10/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.2000 -1.3000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:8

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/LYB-H40/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 52.6000 -0.7000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:9

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/SYD-M22/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 50.6000 -4.2000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:10

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/ALT-B04/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.4000 -1.8000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:11

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/TAT-C13/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.1000 -0.2000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:12

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/STK-C10/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 53.4000 -2.2000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:13

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/STA-C34/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.7000 -0.3000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Quercus/sp./]

[46]Wacker et al. in prep

Set :69,Division:14

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/GAEN0005/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3400 8.5200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

[47]Sookdeo, A, Kromer, B, Adolphi, F, Beer, J, Brehm, N, B�ntgen, U, Christl, M, Eglinton, TI, Friedrich, M, Guidobaldi, G, Helle, G, Nievergelt, D, Pauly, M, Reinig, F, Tegel, W, Treydte, K, Synal, H-A, Wacker, L, submitted. There Goes the Sun: 14C in trees reveals reduced solar activity during the Younger Dryas. Nature Geoscience.

Set :69,Division:15

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/BREI0232/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 48.2300 10.2900 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:16

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/GAEN0027/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3400 8.5200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:17

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/GAEN0102/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3400 8.5200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:18

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/BINZ0026/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3600 8.5100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:19

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/COTT0418/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 51.7600 14.4100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:20

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/BINZ0073/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3600 8.5100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:22

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/LAND0062/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3500 8.4700 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:23

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/GAEN0007/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3400 8.5200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:24

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/LAND0004/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3500 8.4700 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:25

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/GAEN0008/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3400 8.5200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:26

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/KHW10030/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3600 8.5100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:27

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/KHW10028/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3600 8.5100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:28

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/KHW10031/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3600 8.5100 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:29

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/GAEN0071/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 47.3400 8.5200 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pinus/sylvestris/]

Set :69,Division:32

[/author/comment/]=[/ETH/USA07/]
[ lat lon ]= [ 35.9500 -108.1000 ]
[ /genus/species]=[/Pseudotsuga/menziesii (Mirb.) Fr/]